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Full Book Of Enoch, The Watchers Pdf Download

Class of angelic beings in biblical texts

"Iyr" redirects here. For other uses, run across IYR.

Watching angel on the spire of St Michael'south church, Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire, England

Watcher (Aramaic עִיר ʿiyr, plural עִירִין ʿiyrin, [ʕiːr(iːn)]; Theodotian trans: ir; from the root of Heb. ʿer, "awake, watchful".[ane] Greek: ἐγρήγοροι, transl.: egrḗgoroi; "Watchers", "those who are awake"; "baby-sit", "watcher"[2]) is a type of biblical angel. Watcher occurs in both plural and singular forms in the Volume of Daniel (fourth–2nd century BC), where reference is made to their holiness. The apocryphal Books of Enoch (2d–1st centuries BC) refer to both proficient and bad Watchers, with a primary focus on the rebellious ones.[iii] [4]

Daniel [edit]

In the Book of Daniel 4:thirteen, 17, 23 (ESV)[5] at that place are three references to the class of "watcher, holy one" (watcher, Aramaic ' iyr ; holy i, Aramaic qaddiysh ). The term is introduced by Nebuchadnezzar who says he saw "a watcher, a holy i come downward (singular verb) from heaven." He describes how in his dream the watcher says that Nebuchadnezzar volition eat grass and exist mad and that this penalization is "by the decree of the watchers, the demand by the word of the holy ones" ... "the living may know that the Most Loftier rules in the kingdom of men." Subsequently hearing the king's dream Daniel considers for an hour and so responds:

And because the king saw a watcher, a holy one, coming downward from sky and saying, 'Chop down the tree and destroy information technology, but go out the stump of its roots in the earth, jump with a band of atomic number 26 and bronze, in the tender grass of the field, and let him exist wet with the dew of heaven, and permit his portion exist with the beasts of the field, till vii periods of time laissez passer over him,' this is the interpretation, O king: Information technology is a decree of the Virtually High, which has come upon my lord the king, that you shall exist driven from among men, and your dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field. Yous shall be made to eat grass like an ox, and you lot shall be wet with the dew of heaven, and 7 periods of time shall pass over you lot, till you know that the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom he volition.[6]

Lutheran Protestant reformer Johann Wigand viewed the watcher in Nebuchadnezzar's dream as either God himself, or the Son of God. He promoted Trinitarian thinking by linking verse 17 ("This matter is by the decree of the watchers") with poesy 24 ("this is the decree of the most High").[7]

Scholars view these "watchers, holy ones" as maybe showing an influence of Babylonian religion, that is an attempt by the author of this section of Daniel to present Nebuchadnezzar's Babylonian gods recognizing the power of the god of Israel as "Most High".[viii] The Greek Septuagint version differs from the Aramaic Massoretic Text: for example, the Aramaic text is ambiguous virtually who is telling the story of verse 14, whether it is Nebuchadnezzar, or the watcher in his dream.[nine]

Books of Enoch [edit]

In the Books of Enoch, the first Book of Enoch devotes much of its attending to the fall of the watchers. The Second Book of Enoch addresses the watchers (Gk. egrḗgoroi) who are in fifth heaven where the autumn took place. The Third Book of Enoch gives attention to the unfallen watchers.[10]

The use of the term "watchers" is common in the Book of Enoch. The Book of the Watchers (1 Enoch vi–36) occurs in the Aramaic fragments with the phrase irin nosotros-qadishin, "Watchers and Holy Ones", a reference to Aramaic Daniel.[11] The Aramaic irin "watchers" is rendered as "angel" (Greek angelos, Coptic malah) in the Greek and Ethiopian translations, although the usual Aramaic term for affections malakha does non occur in Aramaic Enoch.[12]

Some[ who? ] have attempted to appointment this section of one Enoch to effectually the second–1st century BC and they believe this book is based on one interpretation of the Sons of God passage in Genesis 6, according to which angels mated with human females, giving rise to a race of hybrids known as the Nephilim. The term irin is primarily applied to ill-behaved watchers who numbered a total of 200, and of whom their leaders are named, merely as Aramaic iri ("watcher" singular) is besides applied to the obedient archangels who chain them, such as Raphael (1 Enoch 22:6).

Book of Enoch [edit]

In the Book of Enoch, the watchers (Aramaic עִירִין, iyrin) are angels dispatched to Earth to lookout over the humans. They soon begin to lust for human women and, at the prodding of their leader Samyaza, defect en masse to illicitly instruct humanity and procreate among them. The offspring of these unions are the Nephilim, barbarous giants who pillage the earth and endanger humanity.

Samyaza and his associates further taught their human charges arts and technologies such as weaponry, cosmetics, mirrors, sorcery, and other techniques that would otherwise exist discovered gradually over fourth dimension by humans, not foisted upon them all at in one case. Somewhen God allows a Great Flood to rid the earth of the Nephilim, but commencement sends Uriel to warn Noah and so equally not to eradicate the human being race. The watchers are bound "in the valleys of the Earth" until Judgment Day (Jude verse 6 says, "And the angels which kept not their first estate, simply left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day.").

The chiefs of tens, listed in the Book of Enoch, are as follows:

7. And these are the names of their chiefs: Shemihazah—this one was their leader; Arteqoph, second to him; Remashel, tertiary to him; Kokabel, fourth to him; Armumahel, fifth to him; Ramel, sixth to him; Daniel, 7th to him; Ziqel, eighth to him; Baraqel, ninth to him; Asael, tenth to him; Hermani, eleventh to him; Matarel, 12th to him; Ananel, thirteenth to him; Setawel, fourteenth to him; Samshiel, fifteenth to him; Sahriel, sixteenth to him; Tummiel, seventeenth to him; Turiel, eighteenth to him; Yamiel, nineteenth to him; Yehadiel, twentieth to him. 8. These are their chiefs of tens.[13]

—George W.E. Nickelsburg, 1 Enoch: The Hermeneia Translation, Chapter vi


The book of Enoch too lists leaders of the 200 fallen angels who married and commenced in unnatural union with human women, and who taught forbidden knowledge. Some are also listed in Volume of Raziel (Sefer Raziel HaMalakh), the Zohar, and Jubilees.

  • Araqiel (besides Arakiel, Araqael, Araciel, Arqael, Sarquael, Arkiel, Arkas) taught humans the signs of the earth. However, in the Sibylline Oracles, Araqiel is referred to not as a fallen angel, or watcher, but as one of the five angels who lead the souls of humans to judgment, the other iv existence Ramiel, Uriel, Samael, and Azazel.
  • Armaros (also Amaros or Armoniel) in Enoch I taught humanity the resolving of enchantments.
  • Azazel taught humans to make knives, swords, shields, and how to devise ornaments and cosmetics.
  • Gadreel (or Gader'el) taught the fine art of cosmetics, the utilise of weapons and killing blows.
  • Baraqel (Baraqiel) taught star divination.
  • Bezaliel mentioned in Enoch I, left out of most translations because of damaged manuscripts and problematic manual of the text.
  • Chazaqiel (sometimes Ezeqeel or Cambriel) taught humans the signs of the clouds (meteorology).
  • Kokabiel (too Kakabel, Kochbiel, Kokbiel, Kabaiel, and Kochab), In the Book of Raziel he is a high-ranking, holy angel. In Enoch I, he is a fallen watcher, resident of the nether realms, and commands 365,000 surrogate spirits to do his bidding. Amongst other duties, he instructs his fellows in star divination.
  • Penemue "taught mankind the art of writing with ink and paper," and taught "the children of men the bitter and the sweet and the secrets of wisdom." (I Enoch 69.8)
  • Sariel (likewise Suriel) taught humankind about the courses of the moon (at one time regarded as forbidden knowledge).
  • Samyaza (too Shemyazaz, Shamazya, Semiaza, Shemhazi, Semyaza and Amezyarak) is ane of the leaders of the fall from heaven in Vocabulaire de fifty' Angelologie.
  • Shamsiel, once a guardian of Eden as stated in the Zohar, served as ane of the two primary aides to the archangel Uriel (the other aide being Hasdiel) when Uriel bore his standard into battle, and is the head of 365 legions of angels and also crowns prayers, accompanying them to the 5th sky. In Jubilees, he is referred to as one of the Watchers. He is a fallen angel who teaches the signs of the dominicus.
  • Yeqon or Jeqon (Hebrew: יָקוּם, romanized: Yaqum , lit.'he shall rise') was the ringleader who offset tempted the other Watchers into having sexual relations with humans.[14] His accomplices were Asbeel, Gadreel, Penemue, and Kasdaye (or Kasadya), who were all identified as individual "satans".

The account of the Book of Enoch has been associated with the passage in Genesis six:1-iv, which speaks of Sons of God instead of Watchers:

When men began to multiply on globe and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw how cute the daughters of human were, so they took for their wives as many of them equally they chose. Then the Lord said: "My spirit shall non remain in man forever, since he is merely flesh. His days shall contain one hundred and twenty years." At that time the Nephilim appeared on earth (as well every bit later on), after the sons of God had intercourse with the daughters of man, who bore them sons. They were the heroes of onetime, the men of renown.

2nd Book of Enoch [edit]

For the masculine given name, see Grigory.

The Jewish pseudepigraphon Second Book of Enoch (Slavonic Enoch) refers to the Grigori, who are the same as the Watchers of 1 Enoch.[15] The Slavic word Grigori used in the book is a transcription[16] of the Greek word ἐγρήγοροι egrḗgoroi, pregnant "wakeful".[17] The Hebrew equivalent is ערים, meaning "waking", "awake".[eighteen]

Chapter 18 presents the Grigori as endless soldiers of man advent, "their size being greater than that of great giants". They are located in the fifth sky and identified as "the Grigori, who with their prince Satanail rejected the Lord of light".,[19] [20] 1 version of 2 Enoch adds that their number was 200 myriads (2 million).[21] [22] [23] Furthermore, some "went down on to earth from the Lord's throne" and there married women and "befouled the globe with their deeds", resulting in confinement clandestine.[xix] [24] The number of those who descended to earth is mostly put at iii,[ commendation needed ] only Andrei A. Orlov, while quoting the text as maxim three,[16] remarks in a footnote that some manuscripts put them at 200 or even 200 myriads.[fifteen]

Affiliate 29, referring to the second day of creation, earlier the creation of human beings, says that "i from out the order of angels"[25] or, according to other versions of 2 Enoch, "one of the order of archangels"[26] [27] or "1 of the ranks of the archangels"[28] "conceived an impossible thought, to identify his throne higher than the clouds higher up the earth, that he might become equal in rank to [the Lord's] ability. And [the Lord] threw him out from the acme with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless." Although in this chapter the name "Satanail" is mentioned just in a heading added in one manuscript,[23] [29] this chapter as well is often understood to refer to Satanail and his angels, the Grigori.[23] [28]

The Mercer Dictionary of the Bible makes a stardom between the Grigori and the fallen angels by stating that in 5th sky, Enoch sees "the giants whose brothers were the fallen angels."[30]

The longer recension of 2 Enoch 18:3 identifies the prisoners of 2nd heaven as the angels of Satanail.[31]

Book of Giants [edit]

The story of the Watchers is shown besides in the Volume of Giants.[32]

Philo [edit]

According to PrEv 1.10.1-2 of Philo of Byblos, Sanchuniathon mentioned "some living beings who had no perception, out of whom intelligent beings came into existence, and they were called Zophasemin (Heb. șōpē-šāmayim, that is, 'Watchers of Heaven'). And they were formed similar the shape of an egg."[10]

Jubilees [edit]

The term "Watchers" occurs in the Book of Jubilees (Jub. 4:15, v:ane).

Damascus Certificate [edit]

A reference to the "autumn of the watchers from heaven" is establish in Hebrew in the Damascus Document 2:18 echoing one Enoch 13:10.[24]

Kabbalah [edit]

The Zohar makes reference to the "watchers" of Nebuchadnezzar's dream.

Possible Babylonian/Aramaic origin [edit]

According to Jonathan Ben-Dov of the University of Haifa, the myth of the watchers began in Lebanon when Aramaic writers tried to interpret the imagery on Mesopotamian rock monuments without being able to read their Akkadian text.[33]

Amar Annus from the University of Tartu argues that the Watchers were intended as polemical representations of the Mesopotamian Apkallu, who gave wisdom to man earlier the flood (which is portrayed every bit a corrupting influence in Enochian literature).[34]

Depictions in pop civilization [edit]

There have been many different depictions of the Grigori in fiction and wider popular civilization.

In Kevin Smith's 1999 religious satire Dogma, the graphic symbol Bartleby (played by Ben Affleck) is mentioned to have formerly been a Watcher.

In Darren Aronofsky's 2014 biblical epic Noah, there are a large number of Watchers and they are depicted as having been cast out of Sky afterwards deciding to aid mankind.

In Traci Harding'due south book The Cosmic Logos the Grigori are a group of fallen spiritual beings who watched over and assisted human spiritual evolution thus gaining the championship "the Watchers."

In the Supernatural season x episode "Angel Eye" mentions the Grigori with one, Tamiel (under the name "Peter Holloway") appearing every bit the primary enemy of the episode. At one point in this episode, a picture is shown that is implied to exist a painting of a grigori—it is, in fact, a classic depiction of the archangel Michael besting Satan.[35]

In the popular The Black Tapes podcast, Grigori are mentioned in Episode 105 titled "The Devil You lot Know."

In his Sigma Strength novel The Os Labyrinth (2015), James Rollins describes Atlantis' creators equally Watchers, a superior hybrid species of early humans and neanderthals who disseminated knowledge and possibly interbred with people throughout the globe. They also created the protected, hidden metropolis of Atlantis, located in Ecuador.

In Lauren Kate's volume Fallen a grouping chosen 'The Watchers' studied angels who consorted with mortal women, but more than closely, Daniel Grigori the 6th archangel.

In Darynda Jones' "Charley Davidson" serial, Sean Foster is identified every bit nephilim, "part human, part affections ... descended from the union of a grigori and a human." (Eleventh Grave in Moonlight, 2017)

In Ichiei Ishibumi's Japanese calorie-free novel series, High School DxD, the Grigori is an organisation of fallen angels, the leaders of which are some of the Watchers named in the Book of Enoch. Three of them play of import roles in the story Azazel is the Governor General of Grigori and becomes a major supporting character, Kokabiel is the master adversary of Book 3 and Baraqiel is the estranged father of Akeno Himejima, one of the master characters.

In El Shaddai: Ascension of the Metatron, many members of the Grigori are shown throughout the game as the main antagonists. To proper noun a few: Azazel, Armaros, Arakiel, Baraqiel, and Semyaza.

In the English localization of Drakengard, the overarching antagonists are semi-divine beings chosen "the Watchers." Though the game sometimes refers to them as "daemons," in the original Japanese text they are simply chosen angels. The English localization for the prequel, Drakengard 3, calls them angels as well.

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ SDA Commentary on Daniel & 1980 reprint, pp. 789, 780 harvnb mistake: no target: CITEREFSDA_Commentary_on_Daniel1980_reprint (help)
  2. ^ "Strong's H5894". Blueletterbible.org. Retrieved 2012-07-03 .
  3. ^ Barker, Margaret. (2005) [1987]. "Chapter 1: The Volume of Enoch", in The Older Testament: The Survival of Themes from the Ancient Royal Cult in Sectarian Judaism and Early on Christianity. London: SPCK; Sheffield Phoenix Printing. ISBN 978-1905048199
  4. ^ Barker, Margaret (2005) [1998]. The Lost Prophet: The Book of Enoch and Its Influence on Christianity. London: SPCK; Sheffield Phoenix Press. ISBN 1-905048-18-1.
  5. ^ Daniel 4:1–37
  6. ^ Daniel four:23–25
  7. ^ Beckwith, edited by Carl Fifty. (6 February 2012). Ezekiel, Daniel. Downers Grove, Sick.: IVP Academic. p. 285. ISBN978-0-8308-2962-0.
  8. ^ Porteous 1965, p. 69: "... of the watchers, the decision by the words of the holy ones' may reflect the influence of the Babylonian conventionalities"
  9. ^ Meadowcroft 1995, p. 45: "14 of the MT the reader wonders who is telling the story, the watcher or Nebuchadnezzar. For a brief moment information technology does not seem to affair because the dream and its reason ('so that the living might know..."
  10. ^ a b Charlesworth 2010, p. 130
  11. ^ Boccaccini 2005, p. 157: "Exceedingly common in one Enoch is the term 'watchers,' which gives its name to an entire book of Enoch (1 En 6–36). It occurs in the phrase 'irin we-qadishin, "watchers and holy ones,"
  12. ^ Nickelsburg 2004, p. 44
  13. ^ Nickelsburg 2004, p. 23
  14. ^ Bane, Theresa (2012). Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures. McFarland. p. 333. ISBN978-0-7864-8894-0 . Retrieved 2018-xi-27 .
  15. ^ a b Orlov 2011
  16. ^ a b Andrei A. Orlov (2011). Dark Mirrors. SUNY Press. p. 93. ISBN978-ane-4384-3951-viii.
  17. ^ Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English language Dictionary revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940. p. 474
  18. ^ "Strong'due south Hebrew: 5894. עִיר (ir) – waking or wakeful 1". Concordances.org . Retrieved 2016-12-01 .
  19. ^ a b "The Forgotten Books of Eden: The Book of the Secrets of Enoch: Affiliate 18". Sacred-texts.com . Retrieved 2016-12-01 .
  20. ^ [1] [ dead link ]
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-12-25. Retrieved 2012-07-02 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ Julia Cresswell (2006). The Watkins Dictionary of Angels. Duncan Baird. ISBN978-1-78028-360-nine.
  23. ^ a b c Robert Charles Branden (2006). Satanic Disharmonize and the Plot of Matthew. Peter Lang. p. 30. ISBN978-0-8204-7916-3.
  24. ^ a b DDD 1998, p. 893
  25. ^ [2] [ dead link ]
  26. ^ Marc Michael Epstein (1997). Dreams of Subversion in Medieval Jewish Fine art and Literature. Penn State University Press. p. 141. ISBN978-0-271-01605-4.
  27. ^ [3] [ dead link ]
  28. ^ a b James Hastings (1898). A Lexicon of the Bible. Vol. 4. University Press of the Pacific. p. 409. ISBN978-i-4102-1728-8.
  29. ^ James H. Charlesworth (2010). Old Testament Pseudepigrapha-set. Hendrickson. p. 149. ISBN978-ane-59856-489-i.
  30. ^ Mercer (1997). Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger (eds.). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible (3rd and corr. printing. ed.). Macon, Ga.: Mercer Academy Press. p. 253. ISBN0-86554-373-nine.
  31. ^ Orlov, Andrei A. (2005). The Enoch-Metatron tradition. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 221. ISBN3-16-148544-0.
  32. ^ Nicholas J. Baker-Brian, Manichaeism: An Ancient Faith Rediscovered
  33. ^ Jonathan Ben-Dov (October 18, 2013). "Turning to the angels to save Jewish mythology". Haaretz.
  34. ^ Annus, A. (2010). "On the Origin of Watchers: A Comparative Study of the Antediluvian Wisdom in Mesopotamian and Jewish Traditions". Journal for the Written report of the Pseudepigrapha. 19 (4): 277–320. doi:10.1177/0951820710373978. S2CID 55446884.
  35. ^ "Episode 20: Angel Middle – 1020 28321 – Supernatural High Quality Hard disk Screencaps". Kissthemgoodbye.net. 2015-05-07. Retrieved 2016-12-01 .

References [edit]

  • Barker, Margaret (2005). The Lost Prophet: The Book of Enoch and Its Influence on Christianity. London: Sheffield Phoenix Press. ISBN978-1905048182.
  • Barker, Margaret (2005). "Chapter ane: The Volume of Enoch". The Older Testament: The Survival of Themes from the Ancient Royal Cult in Sectarian Judaism and Early Christianity. London: Sheffield Phoenix Printing. ISBN978-1905048199 . Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  • Boccaccini, edited by Gabriele (2005). Enoch and Qumran origins : new low-cal on a forgotten connection ([Nachdr.]. ed.). M Rapids (Mich.): Westward. B. Eerdmans. ISBN0-8028-2878-seven.
  • Charlesworth, edited by James H. (2010). The Sometime Attestation pseudepigrapha. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson. ISBN978-i-59856-491-iv.
  • DDD, Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter W. van der Horst (1998). Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible (DDD) (ii., extensively rev. ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN90-04-11119-0.
  • Meadowcroft, T. J. (1995). Aramaic Daniel and Greek Daniel : a literary comparison. Sheffield: Sheffield Acad. Press. ISBN1-85075-551-five.
  • Nickelsburg, George Westward.E. (2004). 1 Enoch : a new translation : based on the Hermeneia commentary. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. ISBN0-8006-3694-5.
  • Orlov, Andrei A. (2011). Night mirrors : Azazel and Satanael in early Jewish demonology. Albany: Country University of New York Press. ISBN978-1-4384-3951-eight.
  • Platt, Rutherford H. (2004). Forgotten Books of Eden (Reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. p. 239. ISBNane-60506-097-six.
  • Porteous, Norman W. (1965). Daniel : a commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. ISBN0-664-22317-6.

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